(nuclear power)
Nuclear electricity - one Mev of binding energy is released for each uranium nucleon. Now, if this reaction is carried out on one kilo of 235U, the energy obtained will be equivalent to 106 x 20 kwH
Researcher and author: Dr. ( Afshin Rashid)
Note: In practice, the nucleus of a heavy element, for example 235U, is bombarded by accelerated neutrons, in this case, one Mev of binding energy is released for each uranium nucleon. Now, if this reaction is carried out on one kilo of 235U, the energy obtained will be equivalent to 106 x 20 kwH. If we want to obtain this amount of energy from fossil fuels, the amount of 1.7 million liters with 2.5 million kilos of coal is needed. we have. In the enrichment section, uranium is enriched to about 4-5%. Because this percentage will be enough to produce energy.
(peaceful energy) because the chemical properties of uranium 238 and 235 are the same, so we cannot separate them through chemical processes. But because uranium 238 is heavier than uranium 235. We use this property to separate these two types of uranium. Uranium 235 is fissile and 238 is not. Uranium 235 decays by itself, but it has a long life (one million years). If the percentage of uranium 235 exceeds a certain limit, there is a possibility of a chain reaction. One out of every three released neutrons is consumed. And two more neutrons are released, which are used for subsequent reactions. Again, six neutrons are produced, two neutrons are used and the other four neutrons are used for other reactions and so on.
The control rods of the nuclear reactor are made of cadmium or boron, and their function is to absorb additional neutrons so that the fission of the next nuclei is under control. In other words, when necessary, they reduce the chain reaction. In some cases, control rods are made of boron to use the neutrons released by fission. Fertile material is a material that turns into fissile samples as a result of neutron absorption and decay. Steering rods are also used to shut down the reactor. This operation is done by inserting controllable rods to the end of the reactor core. In case of emergency and danger, these rods penetrate automatically and very quickly to the end of the reactor core. By absorbing neutrons, they stop the chain reaction and shut down the reactor.
A nuclear power plant will not explode like a bomb if it is not controlled. Because in nuclear bombs, the chain reaction is carried out continuously, but in the reactor, if there is no control, the temperature rises, and the uranium in the reactor, which is type 238, prevents the increase of the chain reaction. Also, high heat increases the speed of neutrons, which neutrons do not participate in the reaction at high speed, and also barium and krypton absorb neutrons. However, high heat causes the reactor and cooling tubes to melt, which The action causes many problems on human life and property, which are no less than the problems of nuclear bombs. The reason why explosions do not occur in uranium mines is that in mines, the amount of uranium 235 is very low and the probability of neutrons hitting uranium 235 is low, and for this reason, explosions do not occur.
Conclusion:
In practice, the nucleus of a heavy element, for example 235U, is bombarded by accelerated neutrons, in this case, one Mev of binding energy is released for each uranium nucleon. Now, if this reaction is carried out on one kilo of 235U, the energy obtained will be equivalent to 106 x 20 kwH. If we want to obtain this amount of energy from fossil fuels, the amount of 1.7 million liters with 2.5 million kilos of coal is needed. we have. In the enrichment section, uranium is enriched to about 4-5%. Because this percentage will be enough to produce energy.
Researcher and author: Dr. ( Afshin Rashid)
Specialized doctorate in nano-microelectronics