(Nano-Receptors) in Nano-Structure and Construction (Nano-Sensors) based on Nano-Micro-electronics (Ph.D.)
Author and Researcher: Engineer Afshin Rashid
Note: Biosensors (biosensors) are a set of measurement systems and their design is based on the selective identification of analytes based on biological components and physical and chemical detectors.
A biosensor actually contains a small sensor and a biological material fixed on it. Biosensors are analytical tools that can identify, react, or synthesize biological materials using biological intelligence. And thus create a chemical, optical, or electrical cure. Biosensor technology actually represents a combination of biochemistry, molecular biology, chemistry, physics, electronics and computers. Because biosensors are powerful tools for identifying biomolecules, they are used in various medical sciences, chemicals, food industries, environmental monitoring, production of pharmaceuticals, hygiene and more. The most widely used biosensors are in medical diagnostics and laboratory sciences.
Nano Components (Bio_Rosceptors)
1) Bioreceptor or Biosensor
2) Detector mechanism
) 3 converters
A wide variety of biosensors and related methods have been introduced in nano-microelectronics. These analytical devices consist of biological detection elements that are associated with signal detectors (eg enzymes, microorganisms, etc.). These devices respond to the presence and concentration of the analyte and produce a measurable response.
New nanomaterials and nanostructures such as nanoparticles, nanocrystals, carbon nanotubes, nanofibers and thin films have been identified as sensor devices; nanoparticles have many applications in (sensors and biosensors and biosensors). Nanoparticles, brilliant semiconductor nanocrystals, and quantum dots are a group of nanosensors and biosensors capable of detecting toxins present in the environment, and it has been shown that nanocrystals and quantum dots with antibodies can simultaneously detect four types of toxins .
This type of nanosensor to detect several contaminants in samples of water or soil with the capacity to detect high sensitivity is used, a lot of research on nanostructures, tubular and porous such as carbon nanotubes is done, these nanostructures in sensors closets to increase the quality And the activity of inactive biomolecules are used. The dimensional, surface chemistry and electronics properties of carbon nanotubes have made them ideal materials for use in chemical and biochemical sensors. A new generation of nanoparticles has been designed to remove polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that are difficult to remove from contaminated water or soil .
The bioreceptors used in biosensors are as follows:
1. An enzyme
Antibody
3. Cellular receptors
Nucleic Acids
5. Micro-organism or whole cell
6
7. Synthetic Receptors
The function of the transducer (bio-receptor) sensors converts a visible physical or chemical change into a measurable message, the magnitude of which is proportional to the concentration of the substance or group of substances to be measured. ؛ It combines the properties and sensitivity of biological materials with the microprocessor computing power. Most biosensors are made of electrochemical converters.
Conclusion :
Nano-micro-nanoelectronic technology enhances the sensitivity of the sensors and their cheap and automated production and can be used in the laboratory and outside for rapid detection of toxic and pathogenic substances.