CMD integrated circuits department (crab base)

Logic families of CMD integrated circuits (crab base)  including switch cross strip (ECL) technology 

Researcher  and author: Dr.   (   Afshin Rashid)

Note: In the structure and internal structure  of CMD complex circuits (crab base) from  the emitter couple logic family (ECL), another family that uses bipolar transistors is called base emitter couple logic; This family uses transistors whose emitters are connected to each other. 

In  CMD (crab base) integrated circuits,  this structure (emitters connected together), which is the foundation of ECL circuits , plays the role of an analog current switch in analog circuits like a differential amplifier. Output inverting transistors are not used in the ECL family. In the family of  CMD (crab base) integrated circuits,  transistors work only in the direct and cut-off active regions and do not enter the saturation region; Unlike the Schottky sub-families, the transistors used in the ECL family are not of the Schottky type. Due to the non-saturation of the transistors in the ECL, there is no need for additional circuits to accelerate the up or down circuits and the circuits are simpler. 



In  CMD (crab base) integrated circuits,  the specifications related to output and switching speed in the ECL family are better than in the TTL family, so that the delay times in this gate are about 1 nsec, the working frequency is more than 1 GHz, and for these characteristics, the power consumption is increased. Finds; In fact, the increase in power consumption is 25, the costs that must be paid in order to increase the speed and output. As we can see, the logic swing in ECL is less than TTL sub-families. Small logical switching along with the use of a pair of couple emitter transistors and a constant current source and not using the Totem-Polo output stage eliminates needle currents and creates less sensitivity to noise.

The application of  the logic  of cross bar switch technology (ECL) in  CMD integrated circuits (crab base)

In the structure of  CMD integrated circuits (crab base),  the biggest advantage of ECL compared to bipolar is the high density of circuits in the package, the simplicity of the manufacturing technique and its cost-effective operation due to low power consumption.  Due to its numerous advantages, CMD integrated circuits (crab base)  are exclusively used in the preparation of various components necessary in the design of computer systems. To understand the organization and design of computers, it is important to know the types of parts and components used in integrated circuits. For this reason, these components provide a set of digital operational units that are used as basic building blocks in the design of digital computers.

  • Researcher  and author: Dr.   (   Afshin Rashid)

  • Specialized doctorate in nano-microelectronics