🔬 Biological _ Electrical Nanosensors Section 


The essential role of nanostructures in architecture (nanosensors and nanobiosensors)

Researcher  and Author: Dr.   (   Afshin Rashid)



Note: Many types of nanosensors have been designed using  nanostructures  for nanobiological applications. (Conductive surface) The oxidation of  conductive polymer nanostructures  is easily modified by redox mechanisms, and the charge transport properties of these  nanostructures  are also affected by structural parameters, such as diameter and dimensions.

Nanostructures  are capable of providing sensitive and rapid responses to specific biological and chemical species.   Techniques such as chemical polymerization are often used to create nanostructures .


Fabrication strategies can be divided into three categories:  hard template synthesis, soft template synthesis, and template-free synthesis. The most widely used conductive polymers used in nanobiosensors, nanodevices made from nanostructures are used in various nanobiosensors due to their unique chemical and electrical properties resulting from the properties of their pi-electron nanosystems.

How to functionalize  nanostructures  to make nanobiosensors

Many patterning and functionalization technologies are being developed to control the location, distribution, amount, or structure and orientation of biomolecules on the surface of  nanostructures  . Therefore, the interface between biomolecules and  nanostructures  is of particular importance in numerous applications. Covalent and non-covalent modifications are two general methods for coupling biological molecules and  nanostructures  . Covalent functionalization is a chemical process in which a strong bond is formed between  nanostructures and biomolecules or their relationship. In many cases, chemical surface modifications are necessary to create active groups that can bind to biomolecules. In contrast to covalent functionalization, in non-covalent methods, biomolecules are formed on the surface of nanostructures   without destroying the geometric and electronic structure  . Non-covalent interactions are of particular importance in many biological systems.



Conclusion: 

The large surface-to-volume ratio of nanostructures and the high potential  for signal amplification provide ideal conditions for labeling and  detecting biological elements in nanobiosensor structures.

Researcher  and Author: Dr.   (   Afshin Rashid)

Specialized PhD in Nano-Microelectronics