_Part of endohedral nanostructures 

( endohedral nanostructures)  electronic  means a naturally made material containing nano particles, in an unlimited state or as a collection or as an  agglomerate 

Researcher  and author: Dr.   (   Afshin Rashid)

Note:  ( endohedral nanostructures)  means a natural, incidental or manufactured material containing particles, in an unconfined state or as an aggregate or as agglomerate and where for 50% or more of the particles in the number size distribution, One or more external dimensions in the size range 1 nm - 100 nm in certain cases and in cases where, the size distribution threshold may be replaced by a threshold between nanoparticles of the material.

Inferring from the above,  nanostructures  with one or more external dimensions less than 1 nm should be considered as vital tools in nanoelectronics. ( endohedral nanostructures)  that react naturally. or produced as a by-product of combustion (unintentional) from combustion processes. They are usually physically and chemically heterogeneous and are often called porous particles. On the other hand,  (  endohedral nanostructures)  which  are produced and designed from multiple structures with physical and electronic purposes for a specific purpose or function.   



The important feature of all  ( endohedral nanostructures)  is summarized in the fact that the number of atoms (surface) in them is more than the number of atoms (volume). This ratio increases with decreasing size (nanoparticle). Therefore, the size of the nanoparticle is considered its most important feature. The shapes and sizes  ( endohedral nanostructures)  are naturally determined based on the composition and conditions of their formation. The characteristics  of  ( endohedral nanostructures)  in turn  determine the originality of the nanostructure characteristics and their possible fields of operation. The range from 1 to 1000 nm  is introduced  as the range of  ( endohedral nanostructures) .
The important  feature  ( endohedral nanostructures)  is the control of self-organization processes. The range of nanostructure activity change depends on the nature and shape of the nanostructure. However  , if the energy of the nanoparticle field is comparable to the energy of electromagnetic radiation and if  significant changes are made in a certain wavelength range with the occurrence of chemical reactions in the irradiated materials, the activity of nanoparticles  up to 100nm will be significant. This increase in strength does not happen only in the range of a few nanometers, and the strength of materials of several tens or even hundreds of nanometers may be much higher than large-scale mass materials. On the other hand, the change of some properties such as color and magnetic properties may occur in dimensions of only a few nanometers. In electronic science, the topic of nano revolves around (nano memories, nano chips and fast nano chips and nano electronic components) with less weight and more efficiency.  Nanotechnology, knowledge, engineering and technology on a nano scale, or in other words, studying the application of very small objects and their use in all fields of science such as chemistry, biology, electronics; Material science and engineering. The history of nanotechnology describes the development of concepts and experimental work done in the field of nanotechnology. Although nanotechnology is one of the recent advances in scientific research, the development of its fundamental concepts has taken place over a long period of time.

Conclusion : 

( endohedral nanostructures)  means a natural, incidental or manufactured material containing particles, in the unconfined state either as an aggregate or as agglomerates and where for 50% or more of the particles in the number size distribution, one or Some external dimensions are in the size range of 1 nm - 100 nm in certain cases and in cases where, the size distribution threshold may be replaced by a threshold between nanoparticles of the material.

Researcher  and author: Dr.   (   Afshin Rashid)

Specialized doctorate in nano-microelectronics