The effect of Quantum Confinement on Nano Material particles (PhD in Nano-Microelectronics)
Researcher and author: Dr. ( Afshin Rashid)
Note: Nanomaterials are divided into four categories of zero-dimensional, one-dimensional, two-dimensional and bulk three-dimensional nanomaterials according to their dimensions, which are at the nanoscale. Above they can be produced. Nanomaterials, due to their very small size, show special and sometimes different properties in conductivity.
In general, materials have three dimensions of length, width and height. If at least one of these dimensions is at the nanotechnology scale (1-100 nanometers), it is called nanostructure. Nanostructured materials are divided into different classifications according to how many dimensions they have on the nanotechnology scale. One of these divisions is free in terms of the number of dimensions. Free dimension means a dimension that is not at the nanoscale and can have any value.The energy structures (level or bar) of the material exist in the direction of each of the dimensions of length, width and height. In other words, each three-dimensional object has three separate energy structures in line with its three dimensions, the result of which expresses the energy structure of the whole matter. Dimensions of nanostructured materials that are at the nanoscale have a so-called quantum confinement. For example, thin layers that have discrete energy levels in one dimension. Quantum constraint means that due to the limitation of dimensions at the nanoscale, the energy bands become discrete, and the larger the constraint (the smaller the dimensions), the greater the distance between the energy levels. Therefore, one of the main differences between different types of nanostructured materials is the number of continuous energy bands and discrete energy levels in three dimensions, which leads to many changes in their purity.
By using nanoparticles in special conditions, electronic components can be produced. This method is also suitable for producing memory and small circuits. Nanoparticles are the most common elements in nanoscience and technology and their interesting properties have led to a wide variety of applications in the chemical, medical and pharmaceutical, electronics and agricultural industries. Depending on the chemical composition, these particles are divided into metal, ceramic, polymer and semiconductor types. Chemical synthesis and solid state processes such as milling and vapor condensation are common methods for making nanoparticles. Control of the production process to achieve nanoparticles with suitable properties is obvious, in this regard, determining the characteristics of nanoparticles by microscopic, structural and size and surface analysis methods, etc. Molecular bonds, usually formed by attaching molecules to metal electrodes, can reduce the dimensions of molecular devices. These connections have the high potential to behave and function similarly to conventional electronic components. These molecular devices can be a good alternative or complement to common technologies and create new capabilities in these technologies.
Researcher and author: Dr. ( Afshin Rashid)
PhD in Nano-Microelectronics